Charles Darwin

CHARLES DARWIN

Charles Robert Darwin (12 de febrer de 1809 - 19 d'abril de 1882) va ser un naturalista anglès, que va explicar que totes les espècies han evolucionat al llarg del temps a partir d'ancestres comuns mitjançant la selecció natural. L'evolució és fet i teoria al mateix temps i això va fer que fos acceptat ràpidament per la comunitat científica, mentre que la teoria de la selecció natural va arribar a ser àmpliament vista amb la principal explicació del procés de l'evolució a la dècada del 1930, i ara constitueix la base de la síntesi evolutiva moderna. En forma modificada, el descobriment científic de Darwin segueix sent la base de la biologia, ja que proporciona una explicació lògica de la diversitat de la vida.
Darwin va desenvolupar el seu interès en la història natural mentre estudiava medicina a la Universitat d'Edimburg, i posteriorment teologia a Cambrige. Durant els seus cinc anys de travessia en el HMS Beagle es va establir com un eminent geòleg les observacions i teories del qual donaven suport a les idees uniformistes de Charles Lyell, i la publicació del seu diari del viatge el van fer famós com a autor popular. Desconcertat per la distribució geogràfica de la fauna silvestre i pels fòssils recollits en el viatge, Darwin va investigar la transmutació de les espècies i va concebre la seva teoria de la selecció natural el 1838. Tot i que va discutir les seves idees amb diversos naturistes que necessitaven temps per la investigació i la seva elaboració geològica la qual li donaven prioritat. Darwin escrivia la seva teoria el 1858 quan Alfred Russel li n'envià una de similar, i ambdues foren presentades a la Societat Linneana en documents separats.
Amb la publicació de l'origen de les espècies el 24 de novembre de 1859, Darwin va poder establir la seva teoria dins del món científic. Es va examinar de l'evolució humana i la selecció sexual en el The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex (El descens de l'home, i la selecció en relació al sexe) seguit del The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (L'expressió de les emocions en els homes i els animals). La seva investigació sobre les plantes va ser publicada en una sèrie de llibres i en l'últim, examinava els cucs de terra i els seus efectes en el sòl.
Darwin va tenir un gran reconeixement quan va morir i va ser una de les cinc úniques persones del segle XIX que no eren de la família real i van ser enterrades a l'Abadia de Westminster, al costat de John Herschel i d'Isaac Newton

Space-based solar power (SBSP or SSP) is the conversion of solar energy into power, usable either in space or on earth, from a location in space, usually geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO). Photovoltaics (PV) would generally be utilized for energy conversion and microwave technology could be applied for wireless energy transmission through space, and to the planet's surface. Dynamic solar thermal power systems are also being investigated.[1] In space, the sun shines constantly and has greater intensity than on earth.

Many problems associated with weight and atmospheric corrosion are eliminated, but other problems take their place like radiation damage to a solar cell limiting its lifetime, or micrometeoroids impacting the fragile solar cells. On earth, diurnal rotation and the associated change from day to night allows collection only during daylight hours. Outside of earth's atmosphere, average solar energy per unit area is on the order of ten times that available on earth and increases as the sun is approached, although there are increased maintenance problems beyond acceptable solar radiation limits.

Producing electricity from sunlight in space is not a new or untried technology. Many space faring craft are covered in solar cells like rovers and shuttles. It has been utilized by hundreds of operating satellites. The major difference would be that SSP would capture much more energy and beam it to earth for our use.[2]

Future space solar power has the potential to solve global socioeconomic and environmental problems associated with reliance on finite fossil fuels and nuclear energy. It promises to use space outside of the earth's ecology system and has essentially no by-product waste, once established.

A backsaw is any of several types of hand saws used in woodworking which have a stiffening rib on the edge opposite the cutting edge, allowing for better control and more precise cutting than with other types of saws. Backsaws are normally used for precise work, such as cutting dovetails, mitres, or tenons in cabinetry and joinery. Because the stiffener is thicker than the blade, the backsaws are limited in the depth to which they can cut. Backsaws usually have relatively closely-spaced teeth, often with little or no set.

The origin of the Western backsaw is unknown, but it dates at least to Roman times. The Japanese dozuki, itself a type of backsaw, is likely to have a different origin to the Western version; however, it shares common characteristics.

Letra de Burning Up
I'm hot You're cold You go around Like you know Who I am But you don't You got me on my toes I'm slippin' into the lava And I'm tryin' to keep from going under Baby, you turn the temperature hotter Cuz I'm burnin' up Burnin' up for you baby C'mon girl I fell [I fell] So fast [so fast] I can't hold myself back High heels [high heels] Red dress [red dress] All by yourself Gotta catch my breath I'm slippin' into the lava And I'm tryin' to keep from going under Baby, you turn the temperature hotter Cuz I'm burnin' up Burnin' up for you baby Walk in the room All I can see is you (Oh) You're staring me down I know you feel it too I'm slippin' into the lava And I'ma try to keep from going under Baby, you turn the temperature hotter Cuz I'm burnin' up Burnin' up for you baby Slippin' into the lava And I'm tryin' to keep from going under Baby, who turned the temperature hotter Cuz I'm burnin' up Burnin' up for you baby Yeah we're burnin' up in this place tonight The brothers sing it loud (And we're feeling right) Get up and dance (Don't try and fight it) Big Rob for real (And that's no lie) Stop drop and roll (And touch the floor) (It keeps on burning up) More and More I got JB with me Now come on boys Let's bring the chorus around I'm slippin' into the lava ' up, burnin' up) And I'm tryin' to keep from going under (Yeah) Baby, you turn the temperature hotter Cuz I'm burnin' up Burnin' up for you baby Burnin' up Burnin' up for you baby

Letra de A Hard Day's Night
It's been a hard day's night, And I've been working like a dog, It's been a hard day's night, I should be sleeping like a log, But when I get home to you, I find the things that you do, Will make me feel alright. You know I work all day, To get you money to buy you things, And it's worth it just to hear you say, You're gonna give me ev'rything, So why on earth should I moan, 'Cos when I get you alone, You know I feel okay. When I'm home ev'rything seems to be right, When I'm home feeling you holding me Tight, tight, yeh. It's been a hard day's night, And I've been working like a dog, It's been a hard day's night, I should be sleeping like a log, But when I get home to you, I find the things that you do, Will make me feel alright. You know I work all day, To get you money to buy you things, And it's worth it just to hear you say, You're gonna give me ev'rything, So why on earth should I moan, 'Cos when I get you alone, You know I feel okay. When I'm home ev'rything seems to be right, When I'm home feeling you holding me Tight, tight, yeh. It's been a hard day's night, And I've been working like a dog, It's been a hard day's night, I should be sleeping like a log, But when I get home to you, I find the things that you do, Will make me feel alright.

Hard Day's Night
It's been a hard day's night, And I've been working like a dog, It's been a hard day's night, I should be sleeping like a log, But when I get home to you, I find the things that you do, Will make me feel alright. You know I work all day, To get you money to buy you things, And it's worth it just to hear you say, You're gonna give me ev'rything, So why on earth should I moan, 'Cos when I get you alone, You know I feel okay. When I'm home ev'rything seems to be right, When I'm home feeling you holding me Tight, tight, yeh. It's been a hard day's night, And I've been working like a dog, It's been a hard day's night, I should be sleeping like a log, But when I get home to you, I find the things that you do, Will make me feel alright. You know I work all day, To get you money to buy you things, And it's worth it just to hear you say, You're gonna give me ev'rything, So why on earth should I moan, 'Cos when I get you alone, You know I feel okay. When I'm home ev'rything seems to be right, When I'm home feeling you holding me Tight, tight, yeh. It's been a hard day's night, And I've been working like a dog, It's been a hard day's night, I should be sleeping like a log, But when I get home to you, I find the things that you do, Will make me feel alright